What is Foot Tendon Repair?
Foot tendon repair is a surgical procedure aimed at restoring function and stability to a damaged or ruptured tendon in the foot. Tendons are strong, fibrous tissues that connect muscles to bones and are essential for movement and stability. Tendon tears can result from trauma, overuse, or degenerative conditions and may require surgical intervention to restore function.
What are the Common Tendons Repaired in the Foot?
- Achilles tendon – Connects the calf muscles to the heel and is crucial for walking and running.
- Posterior tibial tendon – Supports the arch of the foot and is vital for foot stability.
- Peroneal tendons – Run along the outer ankle, helping with foot movement and balance.
- Flexor and extensor tendons – Control toe movement.
Indications for Foot Tendon Repair
Your surgeon may typically recommend foot tendon repair in the following setting:
- Severe tendon injuries from trauma or sports activities
- Complete or severe partial tendon tears
- Degenerative tendon conditions, such as tendinosis
- Chronic tendon dysfunction leading to instability or deformity
- Failure of conservative treatments like bracing or physical therapy
- Pain and weakness affecting mobility
Procedure for Foot Tendon Repair
The surgery to repair a torn or damaged tendon in the foot involves several steps to restore function and mobility. These include the following:
- The patient is given either general anesthesia (to be fully asleep) or regional anesthesia (numbing the leg with a nerve block).
- A small incision is made over the affected tendon.
- The tendon sheath (protective covering) is opened to expose the damaged tendon.
- If the tendon is partially torn, it may be sutured (stitched) together.
- If the tendon is completely ruptured, the ends are sewn together using strong sutures.
- If the tendon is severely damaged, a tendon graft or tendon transfer may be performed.
- Tendon Graft: A healthy tendon (from the foot or another part of the body) is used to replace the damaged section.
- Tendon Transfer: Another functional tendon is rerouted to take over the lost function.
- The incision is closed with sutures or staples, and a dressing or bandage is applied to protect the wound.
Postoperative Care and Recovery
Postoperative care and recovery for foot tendon repair is focused on protecting the repaired tendon, managing pain, and gradually restoring mobility. Immediately after surgery, the foot is immobilized in a cast, splint, or walking boot for approximately 4–8 weeks to protect the repaired tendon and allow healing. During this period, patients are advised to keep the foot elevated to reduce swelling and avoid putting weight on it, often using crutches or a knee scooter. Pain is managed with prescribed or over-the-counter medications, and proper wound care is essential to prevent infection. Once healing progresses, physical therapy begins with gentle range-of-motion exercises, followed by strengthening and balance training to restore function. The transition to normal walking occurs gradually, with most patients resuming daily activities in 3–6 months, while full recovery, including high-impact activities, may take up to a year.
Risks and Complications
Foot tendon repair, like any surgical procedure, carries certain risks and potential complications. These include:
- Infection
- Poor wound healing or scar tissue formation
- Nerve damage
- Tendon re-rupture
- Blood clots (deep vein thrombosis or DVT)
- Chronic pain or inflammation
- Loss of strength or decreased function
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